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Urea resin, commonly known as urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin
Urea resin, commonly known as urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin, is a thermosetting polymer derived from the reaction of urea and formaldehyde. It is a clear, water-soluble resin that cures to form a colorless, glossy, and compact polymer film.
Key properties of urea resin include:
- High Tensile Strength: Urea resin can withstand significant stress while being stretched or pulled before breaking.
- High Flexural Modulus: It can endure a high ratio of stress to strain while bending before it yields.
- High Heat-Distortion Temperatures: The temperature at which the material begins to soften when exposed to a fixed load at elevated temperatures is relatively high.
- Low Water Absorption: Urea resin has a low tendency to absorb water, which is beneficial for applications in moist environments.
- Mold Shrinkage: The volume of the molten plastic shrinks during the cooling and solidifying process within a mold.
- High Surface Hardness: The resin offers a high level of surface hardness, making it suitable for applications requiring durability.
- Elongation at Break: It refers to the ratio between the changed length and initial length after the material breaks.
- Volume Resistance: Urea resin has a high electrical resistance, making it suitable for electrical applications.
- Refractive Index: It contains a refractive index of 1.55, which is important for optical applications.
Urea resin is used in a variety of applications, including:
- Laminated Products: It is a common component of various laminated products due to its adhesive properties.
- Textiles: Used in the production of wrinkle-resistant fabrics and cotton blends.
- Agricultural Uses: As a slow-releasing source of nitrogen for crop nourishment, the release rate is dependent on soil microbial activity and temperature.
- Foam Insulation: Converted into insulation foam for injection into walls and spaces with odd shapes, hardening within minutes and curing within weeks.
Urea-formaldehyde resins are known for their low cost, strong reactivity, water solubility, fast curing, film clarity, nonflammability, compactness, and good heat and electrical resistance. However, they are less durable than some other resins and are subject to hydrolytic degradation in the presence of moisture and/or acids. Despite these limitations, UF resins remain a significant material in the production of adhesives, coatings, and wood-based panels.
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